Iceland Travel Guide

Iceland is a place where nature reigns supreme - find out how to make the most of your time with our Iceland travel guide. Aside from the modern and cosmopolitan capital, Reykjavík, population centres are small, with diminutive towns, fishing villages, farms and minute hamlets clustered along the coastal fringes. The interior of the country, meanwhile, is a starkly beautiful wilderness of ice fields, windswept upland plateaux, infertile lava and ash deserts, and the frigid vastness of Vatnajökull, Europe’s largest glacier.

Iceland’s location on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge also gives it one of the most volcanically active landscapes on Earth. It is peppered with everything from naturally occurring hot springs, scaldingly hot bubbling mud pools and noisy steam vents to a string of unpredictably violent volcanoes, which have regularly devastated huge parts of the country.

Travel to Iceland and you can visit intriguing museums, take part in good old-fashioned rúntur pub crawls, seek out puffin colonies, marvel at the Northern Lights, or go whale-watching. It’s the kind of country that has to be seen to be believed. Our Iceland travel guide will give you the tools you need to plan your trip and find unique things to do, but you’ll have to experience it for yourself to truly understand its allure.

Iceland travel facts

1. Language: Icelandic
2. Currency:króna (krónur in the plural), abbreviated to either Isk, Ikr or kr. notes are issued in 5000kr, 2000kr, 1000kr and 500kr denominations
3. Population: Iceland’s population is tiny – at barely 323,000, it’s no bigger than many towns in other countries
4. Tourism numbers: Tourism to Iceland has rocketed in recent years – visitor numbers rose from a million in 2015 to over two million in 2018, six times the national population
5. Literary talent: Iceland boasts more writers per capita than any other country in the world. The long dark winter months are said to be the reason so many folk put pen to paper, and native- language books on all matters Icelandic can be found in shops across the country.
6. Historical ‘sagas’: Iceland is famous for its ‘sagas’ - epic tales based on events that happened from approximately 9AD-11AD. Reykjavík’s Landnámssýningin museum (Saga Museum) boasts some of Europe’s oldest and finest medieval manuscripts.

Where to go in Iceland

Most people visiting Iceland travel to Reykjavík, and it is certainly not a place to miss. Yet Iceland has so much more to offer, and as every good Iceland travel guide will tell you, you need to go beyond Reykjavík and into the wild.

To see the wild side of Iceland, travel on Route 1, the Ringroad, where you’ll see brilliant green wide spaces, red and black sands on pristine coastlines, and brooding hills and mountains.

Travel to Iceland’s most dramatic scenery, the West Fjords, where little fishing villages sit snugly below table-top mountains. Ísafjörður's proximity to the wilds of the Hornstrandir peninsula makes for fantastic hiking opportunities. However, if you want the least touristy part of Iceland, head for the East Fjords.

Make time for a stop off in Akureyri, Iceland's second largest town. Known as the capital of the north, it's a relaxing place to spend a couple of days, with cafés and restaurants and a wonderful botanical garden. It's also a good jumping off point for visits to Lake Mývatn, the island's most visited attraction after Reykjavík, as well as Húsavík and the Jökulsárgljúfur National Park.

For puffin spotting you can't go wrong with Heimaey, the largest of the Westman Islands and the location of one of the largest puffin colonies in the world. It's also the site of a solidified lavafield, the result of a huge eruption in 1973 which destroyed much of the town below.

Best time to travel to Iceland

When you visit Iceland you will quickly find that you can’t rely on the weather. Icelandic weather is spectacularly changeable. Although summer sees its fair share of sunny days with temperatures sometimes climbing to 17°C, it can just as easily drop to 10°C and landscapes can suddenly be shrouded in mist and rain.

Your Iceland travel plans might also need to take into account the sun patterns. Although almost all of Iceland lies south of the Arctic Circle and therefore doesn’t experience a true Midnight Sun, nights are light from mid-May to early August across the country; in the north, the sun never fully sets during June. In winter, temperatures in Iceland fluctuate at 7–8°C either side of freezing point and daylight is limited to a few hours – in Reykjavík, sunrise isn’t until almost 11am in December; the sun is already sinking slowly back towards the horizon after 1pm.

If you want to make the most of the tourist attractions, then the best time to visit Iceland is between late May and early September, when most museums and attractions are open. Travelling around Iceland is easier at these times, too, as this is when buses run their fullest schedules. However, if your main reason for travelling to Iceland is to see the Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, then you’d be best off going between September and January – this is when the natural phenomenon can often be seen throughout the country.

How to get to Iceland

When you visit Iceland you’ll most probably be heading to Keflavík International Airport, about 40km west of Reykjavík. This airport is connected by plentiful flights to Europe, the UK, Scandinavia, the US, and Canada.

It’s also possible to travel to Iceland year-round by sea via the Faroese super- ferry Norröna, which performs a regular crossing of the North Atlantic.

Once you’re there, Iceland’s small scale makes getting around fairly straightforward – at least during the warmer months. From Reykjavík, it’s possible to fly or catch a bus to all major centres, and in the summer there are even scheduled buses through the Interior.

On the ground, you’ll probably spend a good deal of time on Route 1, or the Ringroad (known in Icelandic as the Hringbraut), which largely follows the coast in a 1500km circuit of the country via Reykjavík, Akureyri, Egilsstaðir and Höfn. Virtually the entire Ringroad is sealed, and in winter snow ploughs do their best to keep the route open to all vehicles.

Elsewhere, while stretches around towns might be surfaced, the majority of Icelandic roads are gravel. While many of these are accessible to all vehicles, some – such as most roads through the Interior – are only negotiable in high-clearance four-wheel-drives.

7 best places to visit in Iceland

Hiking in Hornstrandir

One of the best ways to see Iceland is by hiking. This way you’ll get the best views of the outstanding and beautiful Icelandic landscapes. The total remoteness and majestic landscape make isolated Hornstrandir a fantastic destination for dedicated hikers. Once you’ve seen the remote snow-covered hills and cliffs of the Snæ allaströnd coastline, you’ll have an idea of what lies immediately north. A claw-shaped peninsula of land bordered by the Jökul rðir ords to the south and the Greenland Sea to the north, and attached to the rest of the West Fjords by a narrow neck of land just 6km wide, Hornstrandir represents Iceland’s very last corner of inhospitable terrain where habitation was at least attempted – the last settlements here were abandoned in the 1950s due to the harsh climate – and its coastline is the most magnificent in the country.

The Interior

Nothing you might see elsewhere in Iceland prepares you for the desolate, raw beauty of the barren upland plateau that is the Interior – known in Icelandic as hálendið or “highlands” – Europe’s last true wilderness. The violence of the elements here means that Iceland’s heart is a desolate and uninhabited place, with no towns or villages, just cinematic vistas of seemingly infinite grey gravel plains, glacial rivers and lava fields punctuated by ice caps, volcanoes and jagged mountains.

Geysir

See Strokkur erupting at Geysir, after which all geysers are named. Visible from many kilometres away as a pall of steam rising above the plains, hot springs at the Geysir thermal area bubble out over a grassy slope at the foot of Bjarnfell, studded with circular pools atop grey, mineral-streaked mounds. The area has been active for thousands of years, but the springs’ positions have periodically shifted as geological seams crack open or close down; the current vents appeared following a thirteenth-century earthquake.

Whale watching in Húsavík

Get up close to minke and humpback whales on a whale-watching tour from Húsavík. Despite the resumption of commercial whaling in 2006, whale stocks off Húsavík remain high, and the chances of seeing some are good. Dolphins, porpoises and medium-sized minke whales are encountered most frequently, with much larger humpback whales runners-up; these are identified by lengthy flippers and their habit of “breaching” – making spectacular, crashing leaps out of the water. Similar-looking fin whales are the next most likely candidates, with rarer sightings of colossal blue whales, orca and square-headed sperm whales.

The Northern Lights

Thanks to its northerly location, Iceland is a great place from which to see the Aurora Borealis. Take one of the special tours which operate from Reykjavík and prepare to be amazed. The best time to see the Northern Lights is usually between October and March, and one of the best ways to view them is to take a boat trip from Reykjavík harbour, which allows you to get well away from the city lights. Bear in mind, though, that the sky needs to be clear and free of cloud; on days when it’s too windy to put out to sea, the tour transfers to a coach that drives out of the city.

Iceland’s best beaches

The empty, golden strands at Breiðavík in the West Fjords are sublime on a sunny day, and the black volcanic sands near Vík on the south coast are equally compelling. The idyllic Breiðavík bay has open views westwards over white sand to the aquamarine waters of the Atlantic. This exquisite beach, without a doubt one of Iceland’s finest, is irresistible, and when the sun shines the sands are seen to their best advantage.

The Museum of Witchcraft and Sorcery

Galdrasýning á Ströndum (Museum of Sorcery and Witchcraft) is an offbeat exhibition in the West Fjords. In The Rough Guide to Everywhere travel podcast we spoke to the founder and owner of this unusual place and you can listen to the full episode here.

Iceland travel itineraries

Iceland’s difficult terrain takes time to negotiate, and you can’t cover the country in a single trip. Forward-planning, researching different itineraries, will ensure you get the best Iceland trip to suit your time and budget.

Our Grand Tour concentrates on Iceland’s main sights, while our other Iceland routes focus on two fascinating regions, the island’s west and north, and the south and east.

Grand Tour of Iceland

Two weeks in Iceland and no idea where to start? Our Grand Tour puts you on the right track.

1. Reykjavík Though one of Europe’s smaller capitals, the vibrant heart of Iceland offers everything from style-conscious bars and restaurants to great museums and galleries.
2. Blue Lagoon Take a dip in the sublime waters of this famous open-air swimming pool, fed by geothermal water and set in the middle of a lavafield.
3. Golden Circle See Þingvellir, site of Iceland’s original open-air parliament, hot waterspouts at Geysir, and a stunning two-tier waterfall at Gullfoss.
4. Akureyri Chill on the north coast in Iceland’s second-largest town, renowned for its sunny summer days and thriving bar and restaurant scene.
5. Húsavík Whale watching is on everybody’s list of must-dos in Iceland, and the expertly run tours from Húsavík offer virtually guaranteed sightings.
6. Lake Mývatn A proliferation of geological oddities, from bubbling mud pools to steam vents, clustered around a beautiful lake teeming with birdlife.

You can travel our suggested itineraries independently, but you can also book your Iceland trip through the Rough Guides Tailor-Made Trips service. Use the suggested itineraries as inspiration and let us know what exactly you’d like to do. Our Iceland travel expert will plan a bespoke trip especially for you, which you can modify until you are completely happy.

Best things in Iceland

The lava plains, black-sand deserts, glacier-capped plateaux, alpine meadows, convoluted fjords and capricious volcanoes that make Iceland such an extraordinary place also offer tremendous potential for outdoor activities.

Whether you’ve come for wildlife or to hike, ride, ski, snowmobile or four-wheel-drive your way across the horizon, these activities are all on offer. Further information is always at hand in local tourist offices, while you can find out more about the few national parks and reserves from the Department of Forestry or various Icelandic hiking organizations.

Many activities can be undertaken as part of an organized tour, sometimes with the necessary gear supplied or available for rent. Check out our list of favourite activities in Iceland here.

Swimming and hot pools in Iceland

You probably won’t be travelling to Iceland to swim, but in fact this is a major year-round social activity with Icelanders. Just about every settlement has a swimming pool, usually an outdoor affair and heated by the nearest hot spring to around 28˚C. There are also almost always one or two spa baths or hot pots, providing much hotter soaks at 35–40˚C – another great Icelandic institution, and particularly fun in winter, when you can sit up to your neck in near-scalding water while the snow falls thickly around you.

Out in the wilds, hot pots are replaced by natural hot springs – a welcome way to relax trail-weary muscles.

Icelandic swimming pools have their own etiquette that you need to follow. Remove your shoes before entering the changing rooms (there will be a rack in the pool lobby); leave your towel in the shower area between the changing rooms and the pool, not in your locker (this is so you can towel off before returning to the changing rooms, keeping them dry); and shower fully, with soap and without swimwear, before getting in the pool. Note that though there are always separate male and female changing rooms, very few pools have private cubicles.

Fishing in Iceland

As Iceland is surrounded by the richest fishing grounds in the North Atlantic, sea fishing has always been seen as more of a career than a sport. The country’s rivers and lakes, however, are also well stocked with salmon and trout, pulling in hordes of fly fishers during the fishing season (April 1 to September 20 for trout; June 20 to mid-September for salmon). Both fish are plentiful in all the country’s bigger waterways, though the finest salmon is said to come from the Laxá in northeast Iceland, and the Rangá in the south. During the winter, people cut holes in the ice and fish for arctic char; the best spots for this are at Þingvallavatn and Mývatn.

You always need a permit to fish. Those for char or trout are fairly cheap and easy to obtain on the spot from local tourist offices and some accommodation, but permits for salmon are extremely expensive and often need to be reserved a year in advance, as there is a limit per river. For further information, contact the Federation of Icelandic River Owners, whose website has a huge amount of English-language information.

Hiking in Iceland

Hiking gets you closer to the scenery than anything else in Iceland. In reserves and national parks you’ll find a few marked trails, though even here guideposts tend to be erratic and you’ll always need to be competent at using navigational aids, especially in poor weather.

However long you’re hiking for, always carry warm, weatherproof clothing, food and water (there are plenty of places where porous soil makes finding surface water unlikely), as well as a torch, lighter, penknife, first aid kit, a foil insulation blanket and a whistle or mirror for attracting attention. The country is carpeted in sharp rocks and rough ground, so good-quality, tough hiking boots are essential – though a pair of neoprene surf boots with thick soles are useful to ford rivers.

When and where to hike

The best months for hiking are June through to August, when the weather is relatively warm, flowers are in bloom, and the wildlife is out and about – though even then the Interior and higher ground elsewhere can get snowbound at short notice. Outside the prime time, weather is very problematic and you might not be able to reach the area you want to explore, let alone hike around it.

One of the beauties of Iceland is that you can walk just about anywhere, assuming you can cope with local conditions, though there are, of course, highlights. Close to Reykjavík, the Reykjanes Peninsula offers extended treks across imposingly desolate lava rubble; there are some short, easy hikes along steaming valleys near Hveragerði, while trails at Þingvellir include historic sites and an introduction to rift valley geology. Further east, Laugavegur is an exceptional four-day trail; and Þórsmörk is one of the most popular hiking spots in the country, a wooded, elevated valley surrounded by glaciers and mountain peaks with a well-trodden network of paths.

Along the west coast, the Snæfellsnes Peninsula is notoriously damp but peaks with the ice-bound summit of Snæfellsjökull, the dormant volcano used as a fictional gateway into the centre of the earth by writer Jules Verne. Further north there’s Hornstrandir, the wildest and most isolated extremity of the West Fjords, a region of twisted coastlines, sheer cliffs and rugged hill walks.

Those after an easier time should head to Mývatn, the shallow northeastern lake where you can make simple day-hikes to extinct craters, billowing mud-pits, and still steaming lava flows; longer but also relatively easy are the well-marked riverside trails around nearby Jökulsárgljúfur National Park, which features some awesome canyon scenery.

Over in the east, the best of the hikes take in the highland moors and glaciated fringes of the massive Vatnajökull ice cap: at Snæfell, a peak inland from Egilsstaðir; Lónsöræfi reserve near Höfn; and Skaftafell National Park, another popular camping spot on Vatnajökull’s southern edge.

Icelandic hikes: six of the best

1. Laugavegur - An epic four-day hike over snowfields, moorland and desert between hot springs at Landmannalaugar and the highland valley of Þórsmörk.
2. Jökulsárgljúfur - Straightforward though lengthy trails follow a glacier river canyon down to Europe’s largest waterfall.
3. Hornstrandir - You can spend days hiking across this totally unpopulated peninsula, which is probably the wildest, most remote corner of Iceland that is still accessible.
4. Þórsmörk - Isolated glacier valley in the southwest, covered in dwarf birch and wildflowers, with almost limitless hiking potential.
5. Skaftafell - Easily reached moorland plateau between two glaciers, with plenty of well-marked trails of up to a day’s duration.
6. Skógar to Þórsmörk - Relatively straightforward 25km hike over mountains and snowfields, passing solidified lava from the 2010 eruption.

Grading hikes

Hiking trails in Iceland are not formally graded, though local organizations sometimes use a boot icon to indicate difficulty (one boot easy, five boots tough). It’s always prudent to seek local advice about routes, but note that Icelanders, hardened since birth to the country’s conditions, tend to make light of difficulties: a “straightforward” trail often means anything that doesn’t actually involve technical skills and climbing gear, but might well include traversing knife-edge ridges or dangerously loose scree slopes.

Horseriding in Iceland

Horses came to Iceland with the first settlers, and have remained true to their original stocky Scandinavian breed. Horses also had a religious place in Viking times and were often dedicated or sacrificed to the pagan gods. With the advent of Christianity, eating horse meat was banned, being seen as a sign of paganism. Nowadays, horses are used for the autumn livestock round-up, and for recreational purposes.

Icelandic horses are sturdy, even-tempered creatures which, in addition to the usual walk, trot, gallop and canter, can move smoothly across rough ground using the gliding tölt gait. The biggest breeding centres are in the country’s south, but you can hire horses from farms all over Iceland, for anything from an hour in the saddle to two-week-long treks across the Interior. To organize something in advance, contact Íshestar or Eldhestar, which run treks of all lengths and experience levels right across the country.

Snow sports in Iceland

Snow sports – which in Iceland are not just practised in winter – have, surprisingly, only recently begun to catch on. Partly this is because the bulk of Iceland’s population lives in the mild southwestern corner of the country, but also because snow was seen as just something you had to put up with; cross-country skiing, for instance, is such a fact of life in the northeastern winters that locals refer to it simply as “walking”, and were baffled when foreign tour operators first brought in groups to do it for fun.

The possibilities for cross-country skiing are pretty limitless in winter, though you’ll have to bring in your own gear. Downhill skiing and snowboarding are the most popular snow sports, with winter slopes at Bláfjöll only 20km from Reykjavík.

Plenty of tour operators offer glacier trips on snowmobiles or skidoos, which are like jet-skis for snow – the only way for the inexperienced to get a taste of Iceland’s massive ice fields, and huge fun. Several of southwestern Iceland’s larger rivers have caught the attention of whitewater rafting enthusiasts, while Iceland also has surprisingly good scuba diving potential, the prime sites being in Þingvallavatn’s cool but amazingly clear waters, at various shipwrecks, and at seal colonies around the coast. Dive Iceland can sort out the details, though you’ll need dry-suit skills.

Festivals in Iceland

Another thing to consider when planning your trip to Iceland, is the national holidays that take place throughout the year.

Though Iceland’s calendar is essentially Christian, many official holidays and festivals have a secular theme, and at least one dates from pagan times. Some are already familiar: Christmas, Easter Monday, and New Year are all holidays in Iceland.

• Þorrablót - February: A midwinter celebration that originally honoured the weather god Þorri, and became something to look forward to during the bleakest time of the year. Locals throw parties centred around the consumption of traditional foods such as svið and hákarl, with some restaurants also laying on special menus.
• Sjomannadagur (Seamen’s Day) - June 4: One of the biggest holidays of the year, with communities organizing mock sea-rescue demonstrations, swimming races and tug-of-war events. This is followed by another break for Independence Day (June 17), the day that the Icelandic state separated from Denmark in 1944.
• Jónsmessa - June 24: Although not an official holiday, this is the day that elves and other magical creatures are said to be out in force, playing tricks on the unwary. Some people celebrate with a big bonfire, and it’s also meant to be good for your health to run around naked.
• Verslunnarmannahelgi - first weekend of August: Traditionally, on Labour Day weekend, everybody heads into the countryside, sets up camp, and spends the rest of the holiday drinking and partying themselves into oblivion. On Heimaey in the Westman Islands, Þjódhátið is held on the same day and celebrated in the same way – there’s live music, too, and a huge bonfire – though it nominally commemorates Iceland’s achieving partial political autonomy in 1874.

Whilst visiting Iceland, be prepared to spend a fair bit of money on your expenses. If you plan transport and accommodation ahead of arrival and research all your Iceland travel essentials, it is a relatively easy place to travel.

Costs and money

Iceland is a very expensive country to visit. Iceland’s currency is the króna. You can get around Iceland without ever touching cash: almost everywhere takes credit cards.

To keep costs as low as possible try to be self-sufficient. If you're opting for budget self-catering accommodation bring a sleeping bag – and food, if possible. If you're intending to camp, bring the camping equipment you'll need. To get a few hundred krónur a night off youth hostel rates get a Hostelling International Card. And invest in a bus pass to keep transport costs down.

Mid-range travel still means using a bus pass to get around, but favouring hostels and eating out cheaply most of the time will set you back about 18,000kr a day. Staying only in guest-houses or hotels and eating in restaurants for every meal means that you’re looking at daily expenses of upwards of 30,000kr.

Alcohol is also expensive – pick up a bottle on arrival (Keflavík airport’s duty-free is the cheapest place to buy alcohol in the country) – and, with the exception of beer, it’s only sold in bars, clubs, restaurants, and state-owned liquor stores known as vinbúð.

Culture and etiquette for Iceland travellers

The major social blunders made by visitors are usually at swimming pools; make sure you follow the rules about shoes, towels, and showering.

Travellers with special needs

Iceland is fairly well-prepared for disabled travellers. New hotels are required by law to make a percentage of their rooms accessible, while transport can make provisions for wheelchair users if notified in advance.

Travelling with children

Iceland presents few difficulties for travelling with children. Icelanders are very child-friendly people; cities and towns are relatively safe, low-crime places with familiar amenities; and supermarkets and pharmacies are well stocked with nappies, formula and other items.

Travel visa requirements for Iceland

Citizens from Schengen countries, the European Economic Area, the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and many other nations require no visa to visit Iceland for up to ninety days providing that their passport is valid for at least ninety days after the date of arrival. For the full list, and information on how to apply for a visa if you do require one, contact the Icelandic Directorate of Immigration (utl.is).

If you plan to stay in Iceland for over 90 days then you must apply for an Iceland residency permit. This can be done at the Embassy, Consulate, or VAC of Iceland in whichever country you live. However, always double-check the most up-to-date visa requirements before planning your trip to Iceland.

As regards customs regulations, all visitors to Iceland can bring in the following: camping gear and other travelling equipment for their own use in Iceland (including foodstuffs and other supplies, but no uncooked meat of any sort); and either 1 litre of spirits and 1 litre of wine, or 1 litre of spirits and 6 litres of beer, or 1.5 litres of wine and 6 litres of beer or 3 litres of wine. In addition to this, 200 cigarettes, or 250g of other tobacco products, are also permitted.

Travel safety in Iceland

Iceland is a peaceful country, and it’s unlikely that you’ll encounter much trouble here. Most public places are well lit and secure, people are helpful, if somewhat reserved, and street crime and hassles are rare. needless to say, hitching alone, or wandering around central Reykjavík late at night, is unwise.

Most incidents involve petty crime and are largely confined to Reykjavík. Many criminals are drug addicts or alcoholics after easy money; keep tabs on your cash and passport (and don’t leave anything visible in your car when you park it) and you should have little reason to visit the police (lögreglan). If you do seek them out, you’ll find them unarmed, concerned and usually able to speak English – remember to get an insurance report from them if you have anything stolen.

As for offences you might commit, drink-driving is taken extremely seriously, so don’t do it: catch a taxi. Being incoherently drunk in public in Reykjavík might also get you into trouble, but in a country campsite you probably won’t be the only one, and (within reason) nobody is going to care. Drugs, however, are treated as harshly here as in much of the rest of Europe.

Women in Iceland

Sexual harassment is less of a problem in Iceland than elsewhere in Europe. Although you might receive occasional unwelcome attention in Reykjavík clubs, there’s very rarely any kind of violent intent. If you do have any problems, the fact that almost everyone understands English makes it easy to get across an unambiguous response.

Natural Hazards

Awareness of Iceland’s natural hazards – including the weather and geology – is taken very much for granted; don’t expect to find warning signs, safety barriers or guide ropes at even patently dangerous locations on the edge of waterfalls, volcanoes or boiling mud pits. Always exercise caution, especially at heavily touristed locations – where you’ll often see locals (and uninformed tourists) taking insane risks.

On lava, watch out for volcanic fissures, cracks in the ground ranging from a few centimetres to several metres across. These are easy enough to avoid when you can see them, but blanketed by snow they’ll be invisible, so use a hiking pole to test the path ahead.

Another hazard is river crossings, which you’ll have to make on various trails all over the country. Glacier-fed rivers are at their lowest first thing in the morning, and rise through the day as the sun melts the ice and snow that feed into them. When looking for a crossing point, remember the river will be shallowest at its widest point. Before crossing, make sure that your backpack straps are loose so that you can ditch it in a hurry if necessary. Face into the current as you cross and be prepared to give up if the water gets above your thighs. Never attempt a crossing alone, and remember that some rivers have no safe fords at all if you’re on foot – you’ll have to hitch across in a vehicle.

Top image: The village of Vík © Nido Huebl/Shutterstock